Logical Volume Manager

Logical Volume Manager what is often referred to facilities with LVM is Linux operating system to create a virtual partition, the virtual partition that we can combine multiple hard drives into 1 partition that sangaaaaat besaaar, what can change the partition size without deleting the file contents of the partition (I volume plus a size not less) when the system is still running.

Generally this is used for LVM memartisi hardisk for desktop server but also gpp: P. For example we have 2 hard drives which each 111GB hard drive volume so sizenya total 222GB .. we are a LVM partition :

# Create a LVM physical volume nggabungin hardisk first two ...
filserver @ user: ~ $ sudo pvcreate /dev/hdc1/dev/hdd1
Password:
Physical volume "/dev/hdc1" successfully created
Physical volume "/dev/hdd1" successfully created

# To see the results
filserver @ user: ~ $ sudo pvdisplay
- NEW Physical volume --
PV Name /dev/evms/hdc1
VG Name
PV Size 111.79 GB
Allocatable NO
PE Size (KByte) 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID 1jjY6f-addr-9zLO-ynrW-SLUO-csYc-wtGFGc

- NEW Physical volume --
PV Name /dev/evms/hdd1
VG Name
PV Size 111.79 GB
Allocatable NO
PE Size (KByte) 0
Total PE 0
Free PE 0
Allocated PE 0
PV UUID 0jGeBq-WHB0-OKuG-MXoJ-Obty-IkJd-p15fqV

# Create Volume Group from the combination of LVM drive with the name fileserver
filserver @ user: ~ $ sudo vgcreate fileserver /dev/evms/hdc1/dev/evms/hdd1
Volume group "fileserver" successfully created

# See VolumeGroup made earlier that
filserver @ user: ~ $ sudo vgdisplay
- Volume groups --
VG Name fileserver
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size 223.57 GB
PE Size 4:00 MB
Total PE 57234
Alloc PE/Size 0/0
Free PE/Size 57234/223.57 GB
VG UUID 32MYKU-I1w2-nj9l-JPlB-jTWQ-d31q-GS2ADv

# Create Logical Volume
filserver @ user: ~ $ sudo lvcreate-name-size 10G Supervisor fileserver
Password:
Logical volume "Reference" created
filserver @ user: ~ $ sudo lvcreate-name IT-size 70G fileserver
Logical volume "IT" created
filserver @ user: ~ $ sudo lvcreate-name Financial-size 10G fileserver
Logical volume "Financial" created
filserver @ user: ~ $ sudo lvcreate-name-size 10G Manager fileserver
Logical volume "Teaching" created
filserver @ user: ~ $ sudo lvcreate-name staff-size 30G fileserver
Logical volume "Lecturer" created
filserver @ user: ~ $ sudo lvcreate-name-size 10G Public fileserver
Logical volume "Public" created
filserver @ user: ~ $ sudo lvcreate-name-size 50g Multimedia fileserver
Logical volume "Multimedia" created

# to see the results of the Logical volume
filserver @ user: ~ $ sudo lvdisplay
- Logical volume --
LV Name /dev/fileserver/Supervisor
VG Name fileserver
LV UUID eoiCQr-pjoJ-4tt0-J12I-fNv3-yDE1-gftJDQ
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# Open 0
LV Size GB 10:00
Current LE 2560
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors 0
Block device 253:5

- Logical volume --
LV Name /dev/fileserver/IT
VG Name fileserver
LV UUID LqBSv2-PIFO-ASqr-EcuK-0km2-BgfS-4YSnAC
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# Open 0
LV Size 70.00 GB
Current LE 17920
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors 0
Block device 253:6

- Logical volume --
LV Name /dev/fileserver/Finance
VG Name fileserver
LV UUID zQSVhu-lfxV-iDiF-IA6n-dLTB-yLu4-gfqkGf
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# Open 0
LV Size GB 10:00
Current LE 2560
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors 0
Block device 253:7

- Logical volume --
LV Name /dev/fileserver/Manager
VG Name fileserver
LV UUID qkqrgk-xVsn-wijl-W6s9-8WSB-iZHn-T3MgCG
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# Open 0
LV Size GB 10:00
Current LE 2560
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors 0
Block device 253:8

- Logical volume --
LV Name /dev/fileserver/Employee
VG Name fileserver
LV UUID BSuQb8-bipx-5HaB-v73F-kNb1-e7HK-0q1Tr2
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# Open 0
LV Size 30.00 GB
Current LE 7680
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors 0
Block device 253:9

- Logical volume --
LV Name /dev/fileserver/Public
VG Name fileserver
LV UUID rvMWgd-W8CN-keuX-mDg2-pPda-jsjA-miKdgh
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# Open 0
LV Size GB 10:00
Current LE 2560
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors 0
253:10 block device

- Logical volume --
LV Name /dev/fileserver/Multimedia
VG Name fileserver
LV UUID pUJ8UJ-S99V-gtvJ-fFyD-Felw-PrCc-fQ8VjA
LV Write Access read/write
LV Status available
# Open 0
LV Size 50.00 GB
Current LE 12800
Segments 2
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors 0
253:11 block device

# to delete logical volume that has been made
filserver @ user: ~ $ sudo lvremove "LV Name"

# To add a logical volume partition mjd 1.5GB
filserver @ user: ~ $ sudo lvextend-L 1.5GB "LV Name"

# To reduce the volume of logical partitions mjd 1.5GB
filserver @ user: ~ $ sudo lvreduce-L 1.5GB "LV Name"

# format the partition to LVM to ext3
filserver @ user: ~ $ sudo mkfs.ext3 "LV Name"

# mount create a partition that I made to the system after formatted to ext3
filserver @ user: ~ $ sudo mount "LV Name" /media/disk/
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Change the Ubuntu Start Button

To change the start button on ubuntu.

Possible for a master's in ubuntu, I thing that topical, but I try to write this i hop can help,

This step, we first find the image gnomemenu that size 31 pixels, though the fit genomepanel, then copy the image directory gnomemenu

/usr/share/gnomenu/Themes/Button
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Speed up Internet Browser Using Squid On Ubuntu


We often complain about the slow internet connections, .Although we like in the browser settings more quickly, for example, for a firefox "about:config "but the connection still running slowly ....!!!

What are we do not get ubuntu slowly time browsing ..??? after I googling in the google search, I found article but I forgot that...!! to the point: to speed up web browsing connection on ubuntu, this time using squid, its is useful to store the cache on the website that the visit by us, now we take live update it from the server, no need load-script web script,
Step installation and configuration squid.

1. Install Squid

Sources.list sure I have a ...??? just using Terminal

$ apt-get install squid

2. Create log files and cache directory


$ mkdir/usr/local/squid
$ mkdir /usr/local/squid/cache
$ touch /usr/local/squid/cache.log
$ touch /usr/local/squid/access.log
$ sudo adduser squid
$ chown-squid.squid rf/usr/local/squid

3. Configuring Squid


$ sudo chown squid.squid/var/spool/squid-RF
$ sudo chown squid.squid-rf/etc/squid
$ sudo-u squid mv /etc/squid/squid.conf/etc/squid/squid.conf.original
$ sudo-u squid touch /etc/squid/squid.conf
$ sudo-u squid cat /etc/squid/ squid.conf.original | sed '/ * # / d; / ^ * $ / d'> /etc/squid/squid.conf

One of the items you need to customize the squid's config file is a variable that contains the log files and cache direktory refers to the so we have prepared previously.

UFS cache_dir /usr/local/squid/cache 1024 16 256
access_log /usr/local/squid/access.log
cache_log /usr/local/squid/cache.log
cache_store_log none


UFS cache_dir /usr/local/squid/cache 1024 16 256
access_log /usr/local/squid/access.log
cache_log /usr/local/squid/cache.log
cache_store_log none

Then, create a squid as a cache server

http_port 3128 transparent
cache_mem 1024 MB
cache_swap_low 94
cache_swap_high 96
maximum_object_size 16384 KB
minimum_object_size 4 KB
maximum_object_size_in_memory 2048 KB
fqdncache_size 1024
cache_replacement_policy heap GDSF
memory_replacement_policy heap GDSF

visible_hostname localhost
cache_mgr admin @ localhost
cache_effective_user squid
cache_effective_group squid

4. Create cache directory structure.

Run squid with the command below


$ sudo-u squid squid-z

5. Test squid


$ squid-d 1-D

What error, just running


$ squid-k reconfigure

To recovery I changed the squid.conf

6. Running Squid


$ squid-SYD

After finish, setting your browser to use proxy on localhost port 3128
Happy Testing.....!!!

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Fix Shutdown "Network Error" On splahscreen

Many of ubuntu to get the message that at the time of shutdown and the message contains Network Error ......!!!

process that cause the shutdown 30%
longer.

To overcome this,
- Log In System / Administrator / Login Window
- Select the Local tab
- Select a theme, and select again the default theme "human"
- Close
- More Repeat the steps above, and Finish.


Reference.

www.ubuntu.com
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